Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery

This surgery mainly deals with the appearance of an individual. The techniques, principles and procedures are involved in enhancing the physical appearance of patient’s. This medical procedure can be performed on head, neck and other parts of the body. It is practiced by other surgeons as well.

Aesthetic surgery procedure includes:

1. Facial contouring
2. Body contouring
3. Facial Rejuvenation
4. Skin rejuvenation
5. Breast enhancement
6. Face resurfacing

Area of this surgery is mainly focused on correction of deformities and dysfunction which are related to burn scars and injuries. Reconstructive Face Transplant is a medical procedure which helps in reducing the risk initiated by burn scaring which can particularly leads to functional facial disabilities, nasal breathing obstacles and patients can have difficulties in opening mouth, drinking and eating. 

Hand Surgery or Chiroplasty or Cheiroplasty is a medical procedure of surgery deals with the infections and injuries on the hand. This treatment can be surgical and non-surgical in method. The term Chiroplasty is made of two words “chiro” means hand and “plasty” means “surgical repair”. Hand Surgery can be practiced by any plastic surgeon, general surgeon and orthopedic surgeon. Hand surgery includes tendon repairs, nerve repairs, joint replacements, surgical drainage and closed reduction and fixation.

This plastic surgery is performed on children. This surgery field is mainly focused on the congenital birth defects which can be treated by plastic surgeons. The most common pediatric birth defects which are treated by pediatric plastic surgeon are cleft lip, syndactly, position plagiocephaly, craniosynostosis and vascular anomalies.

Endoscopic surgery is a medical procedure in which scopes are inserted in body throuogh small incisions or natural openings in the body in order to diagnose and treat diseases. This method can remove small sample of tissues for further diagnosis. It is done to examine the interior of the cavity and hollow portion of the body. It is beneficial in treating other duct diseases as in respiratory tract diseases, gastrointestinal tract diseases and urinary tract diseases. Currently, endoscopic techniques are used to collect 3D-data, using laser triangulation and other techniques.

Commonly called an “Arm lift”, is a surgical course of action in which upper arms are provided with improved contour and proper connection with the chest. Upper arms are reshaped also in this procedure. This plastic surgery technique is used for excessive loose skin and fat in the arms. Brachioplasty techniques:

1. Liposuction of the arms
2. Fish-incision brachioplasty
3. Superficial fascial system suspension
4. Extended brachioplasty

Rhinoplasty or Nose Job is a surgical procedure to restore the normal function of nose, to reshape it for enhanced appearance and to remove any defects, trauma injuries, problems in respiration and congenital defects. It can be done in two ways: surgical and non-surgical. Surgical rhinoplasty is done in order to remove congenital and acquired abnormalities of the nose.

In this plastic surgery, reshaping and modification of breasts is done to change the appearance of it. It is also done to increase the size and contour of breasts. Breast augmentation, breast reduction, breast lifts and breast reconstruction are the major aspects of this surgery. Mammoplasty is basically of two types:

1. Augmentation Mammoplasty
2. Reduction Mammoplasty

Non- technically it is known as “Face Lift” is a plastic surgery procedure which is performed to enhance aesthetically, the appearance of face. Tightening of skin, removal of excess skin tissues and fat from neck and face is performed in this surgical course of action. Redraping of skin is another aspect of this surgery. In combination with eyelid surgery, it becomes more effective. It is one of the famous aesthetic procedures to be performed.

“Tummy Tuck” or Abdominoplasty, is a medical procedure which remove excess fat and skin from the middle and lower abdominal wall in order to make abdomen thinner and more firm. By removal of excess fat and skin, it tightens the muscle and fascia of abdominal wall. Similar procedures are liposuction, body contouring and breast reduction. Abdominoplasty procedures:

1. Complete abdominoplasty
2. Partial abdominoplasty
3. High lateral tension tummy tuck
4. Floating Abdominoplasty
5. Extended abdominoplasty

Botox Injection is injection of Botolinum toxin (BTX), which is a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum and species related to it. This toxin is used in cosmetics to reduce facial wrinkles. The injection into the muscles under the facial wrinkles causes relaxation in muscles and results in smoothing of the skin. The treated muscles slowly regain their original function and return to their former appearance in 3-4 months after the treatment. 

"Eyelid surgery" is the non-technical term for Blepharoplasty, is a surgical procedure in which abnormalities and defects of eye lid is treated and aesthetic modification of eye lid is also carried out. In this surgical procedure, removal of excess of skin and adipocyte fat is done and tightening of tendon tissues and muscles is considered. The ultimate goal of blepharoplasty operation is to restore the function of affected eye-lids and aesthetic restoration of eye portion.

Facial implants are used to modify the face and to make it look more attractive. It is done by inserting synthetic materials inside the subcutaneous tissue and onto the bone under the tissue. It also involves removal of excess fat and skin tissues from chin, cheek and from jaw. Most common implants are:

1. Chin implant
2. Cheek implants
3. Jaw angle implants
4. Paranasal implant

This surgical procedure is done in order to restore a youthful appearance on the face and skin. Invasive procedures are used. Surgical and Non-surgical procedures are involved in rejuvenating skin. Surgical procedure involves forehead lift, eyebrow lift, chin lift, neck lift and facelift. This surgery can restore the facial symmetry by facial reconstruction and skin alterations. Skin rejuvenation treatment methods:

1. Laser And Intense Pulse Light (IPL) Treatments
2. Chemical Peels
3. Ablative Laser Treatments
4. Botulinum Toxin 

“Chin augmentation” is another term for Genioplasty, is a surgical implant that can be achieved by altering the underlying structure of face to enhance it aesthetically. Chin augmentation is reached by manipulating jaw bone and by using prosthetic implants. This surgery is performed by plastic surgeon, otolaryngologists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

In medical terms this surgery is known as “Otoplasty”, which deals with congenital defects of ear, correcting defects and deformities of pinna of ear and reconstructing deformed and defective ear done by surgical and nonsurgical procedures. It is also in practice to enhance ears aesthetically. Ear augmentation and ear pinback are the main are two main otoplastic corrections in practice.

It is a plastic surgery method in which reshaping of body by removing extra skin and by eliminating excess fat in body. This is basically done to enhance the body appearance. Bariatric surgery is a type of surgical method in body contouring which deals with obese people and it is a weight loss surgery. Arm lift, breast lift, stomach lift and lower body lift are the components of body contouring. Cellulite reduction treatment can be done to get smooth and slim body.

A surgical procedure basically involves in treating injuries, congenital defects and diseases related to head, neck, face, jaw, maxillofacial region and oral region. It is done to restore the anatomy of face, head, jaw and mouth as well as to increase the appearance of this body parts. It is a recognized surgical method. Surgical procedures involved are dentoalveolar surgery, dental implants, oculoplasctics, neck liposuction and other.

Requirement of a microscope for treatment is termed as Microsurgery. With the help of this technique, transfer of tissues from one place to another in the body and reattachment of several parts can be done. Free tissue transfer using microsurgery is a reconstructive surgical procedure, which helps in rejoining of veins and artery. Microsurgical techniques play a crucial role in replantation of body parts and in transplant immunology.